The name is self-explanatory. But the simplicity that the word site map suggests is deceptive. Sitemaps are complex, regardless of how simple the structure of the webpage may be. Sitemaps can be created either in XML or HTML. These two types of sitemap are created for two different purposes – XML: reaches out to the search engine spiders, and HTML sitemaps are meant for users. While there are people who feel that it is better to just stick to either an HTML or a XML sitemap, most people believe that it is most advantageous to have both. Broadly speaking, sitemaps bring with them a sense that the site is organized, and it becomes easy for you to have a bird’s eye view of your site. Additionally, users also appreciate a preview of everything that site has to offer, rather than spend time discovering things click after click.

The HTML sitemap must represent the site in a very tangible way. It must be there present as a link on the homepage of your website. The design elements used, must reflect the overall tenor of the website. Unlike something like a road map which has the primary objective of giving clear and accurate direction, a sitemap has the additional responsibility of becoming a mirror to the rest of the site. The color coding, font styles, use of graphics etc are indicative of how you would expect the website to look. Users will make such a connection between the look of the sitemap, and the expected look of the site. If the sitemap is elaborate and colorful, and the webpage is bland, a user will feel cheated.

Sitemaps have a dual purpose – they make navigation on the site easier, they help you communicate with search engines. In order to achieve both these ends, you need to have both these sitemaps for your website. XML sitemaps enhance the visibility vis-à-vis search engines, and are considered to be one of the best ways of optimizing a site. Creating XML sitemap is a particularly fast way of submitting a site to search engines, in cases where a new website is involved, or if, for instance, a website has recently added lots of new pages. Sitemaps are of great importance in sites that use a lot of Flash or in menus created in JavaScript that do not have HTML links. And many websites are nowadays relying heavily on the use of Flash. In fact, XML sitemaps are submitted as a file to search engines. An XML sitemap is not really required, if you have already indexed all your pages with Google. In case there are a few pages that are not indexed, you must still create a sitemap for the whole site, and give priority (using the priority tag) to those pages that have not been indexed. An XML sitemap, in that sense, is your way of telling the search engine which part of your page to index.

Having a sitemap also means not relying entirely on external links that will drive search engines to your website. This should in any case be avoided, but a sitemap would be a way to bypass a confusing or faulty internal link structure which may mislead search engines to orphan pages.

Generating a sitemap is not a very complicated process. There are enough free online tools available that will carry this task out for you. Alternatively, you have the option of downloading Google sitemap generator, and carrying out the given instructions. Needless to say the second option is the harder one, but then it also provides you with a greater control over the final output. Once you are done generating the sitemap, using either of these methods you need to upload it to your website and notify Google about the same.